Ketamine for Mild to moderate pain
Adult weight-based dosing has a median of 0.25 mg/kg across 112 published protocols, with the middle half between 0.2 and 0.3.
Includes 2 agencies outside the US.
Doses far off from what other protocols give are likely misreads, so they are left out until checked. How that works.
Adult, weight-basedmg/kg
| min | p25 | median | p75 | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Values in mg/kg. One value per source (that source's median), so a document listing a medication five times still gets one vote.
Routes
- IV/IO 36%
- IV 19%
- IN 10%
- IM/IN 8%
- IV/IO/IM 8%
- IM 8%
- IV/IO/IM/IN 7%
- IV/IO/IN 2%
- IV/IM 1%
- IM/SQ 1%
- IV/IM/IN 1%
United States EMS Protocol Census, n=112 protocols from 97 named agencies / 39 states, updated Oct 2026
Pediatric, weight-basedmg/kg
| min | p25 | median | p75 | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.275 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Values in mg/kg. One value per source (that source's median), so a document listing a medication five times still gets one vote.
Routes
- IV/IO 41%
- IV 13%
- IM 11%
- IN 10%
- IV/IO/IM 8%
- IV/IO/IM/IN 8%
- IM/IN 7%
- IV/IO/IN 2%
- IV/IM 1%
- IV/IM/IN 1%
United States EMS Protocol Census, n=86 protocols from 76 named agencies / 37 states, updated Oct 2026
Adultmg
| min | p25 | median | p75 | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 15 | 18.75 | 27.5 | 40 |
Values in mg. One value per source (that source's median), so a document listing a medication five times still gets one vote.
Routes
- IV/IO 33%
- IM 22%
- IV 20%
- IM/IN 7%
- IN 4%
- IV/IM 4%
- IV/IO/IM 4%
- IV/IO/IM/IN 4%
United States EMS Protocol Census, n=31 protocols from 26 named agencies / 16 states, updated Oct 2026
Pediatricmg
Below 5 sources, so no distribution is published for this group — only the counts above.
Routes
- IM 50%
- IV/IO 50%
United States EMS Protocol Census, n=2 protocols from 2 named agencies / 2 states, updated Oct 2026
Named agencies with a page119
Agencies whose protocols are a public record are named here. Their own doses are on their own pages; this list carries no values.
- Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati
- Ada County-City Emergency Services System
- Adams, Benton, Franklin, Yakima Counties
- Alabama Department of Public Health Office of Emergency Medical Services
- Ambulance Victoria
- Anderson County Emergency Medical Services
- Ashwaubenon Public Safety, Howard Fire Rescue, & De Pere Fire Rescue
- Benbrook Fire Department
- Berkeley County EMS
- Berrien County Medical Control Authority
- BEST EMS
- Bexar County ESD 4 Fire Rescue
- Bonner County Emergency Medical Services
- Boulder County Protocol Committee
- Brownsville Rural Fire District, Halsey-Shedd Fire Protection District, Jefferson Fire District, Lebanon Fire District, Scio Fire District & Sweet Home Fire & Ambulance District
- Brunswick County EMS
- Campbell County Emergency Medical Service
- Central Arizona Regional EMS
- Central California Emergency Medical Services
- Charleston County EMS
- Chelan/Douglas/Okanogan/Grant County
- City of Austin / Austin-Travis County EMS System
- Clark County EMS System
- Clark County EMS (Washington)
- Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Department of Emergency Services
- Coos County Emergency Medical Services
- County of San Diego Emergency Medical Services
- Dane County EMS System
- Daviess County EMS
- DC Fire and EMS
- Department of Aviation Medicine
- Dorchester County EMS
- East Baton Rouge Parish Department of Emergency Medical Services
- El Campo Emergency Medical Service
- Escambia County Emergency Medical Services
- Evansville Fire Department
- Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department
- Fern Creek Fire and Emergency Medical Services
- FirstHealth of the Carolinas
- Fort Lauderdale Fire Rescue
- Franklin County Emergency Medical Services
- Galveston Area Ambulance Authority
- Giles County EMS
- Grant County
- Greenville County Emergency Medical Services
- Hays County ESD 9 EMS
- Haywood County EMS System
- Idaho EMS Physician Commission
- Illinois Region VIII Emergency Medical Services
- Inland Counties Emergency Medical Agency
- Kern County Public Health
- Kosciusko County Paramedics
- Laurens County Emergency Medical Services
- Levy County Department of Public Safety
- Lincoln County EMS
- Louisville Metro EMS
- Manatee County Emergency Medical Services
- Marion County
- Massachusetts Office of Emergency Medical Services
- Mauston Area Ambulance
- McKinney Fire Department
- MEP (Medical Emergency Partnership) in partnership with SSM Health
- MetroCare Services and Abilene Fire Department
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) / Midland Gladwin MCA
- Ministry of Health, Emergency Health Regulatory and Accountability Branch
- Montana Board of Medical Examiners
- Montgomery County Hospital District
- Mountain West Ambulance
- Muskegon County
- National Emergency Medical Services
- Nebraska Medicine Division of Prehospital and Emergency Medical Services
- Nevada EMS Program
- New Hampshire Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma Systems
- North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services (NC OEMS)
- North Central Oregon EMS Agencies
- Northeast Ohio Regional EMS Protocol Committee
- Northeastern Montana Stat Air Ambulance Cooperative
- Northwest Region Emergency Medical Services & Trauma Care Council
- Nueces County ESD4
- Oakland County Medical Control Authority
- Ocala/Marion County/The Villages Public Safety EMS
- OCEMS
- Old Dominion EMS Alliance, Inc.
- Palm Beach Gardens Fire Rescue
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
- Pettis County Ambulance District
- Rappahannock EMS Council
- Region 1 Emergency Medical Services
- Region One Metropolitan Ambulance Council (MAC)
- Regional Emergency Medical Advisory Committee of New York City
- REMSA
- REMSA Sioux Falls
- Reno County Emergency Medical Services
- Rhode Island Department of Health – Center for Emergency Medical Services
- Rowan County Emergency Services EMS Division
- Salem Fire Department
- Salt Lake County EMS
- South Plains Emergency Medical Services
- Spokane County EMS
- St. Johns County Fire Rescue
- Stanislaus County Emergency Medical Services Agency
- Stanly County EMS
- State of Nebraska
- Stevens County Emergency Medical Services
- Susquehanna Regional EMS
- Tennessee Emergency Medical Services
- Three Rivers Ambulance Authority & Fort Wayne Fire Department
- Tidewater Emergency Medical Services Council, Inc.
- Tippecanoe Emergency Ambulance Service
- Tri-County Emergency Medical Control Authority
- Tri County Emergency Medical Services, Inc.
- Utah Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
- UTSW/Parkland BioTel EMS System
- Vermont Department of Health
- Washington County Emergency Medical Services
- Weber County Paramedic Program
- West Virginia Department of Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services
- Wilson County ESD #4